Self-driving Google Cars - PAU 2011

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos C. Madrid

Anyone driving the curves between San Francisco and Los Angeles may have recently seen a small car with a curious cylinder on the roof holding video cameras, radar sensors and a laser device to “see” other vehicles. It was harder to notice that the person at the wheel was not actually driving. The car is a project of Google, which has been working in plain view on vehicles that can drive themselves, mimicking the decisions made by a human driver. With someone behind the wheel to take control if something goes wrong, seven test cars have driven 225,000 kilometres with only two human interventions. It drives at the speed limit, which it knows because the limit for every road is included in its database, and it stops for lights and stop signs.

Robot cars react faster than humans, have 360-degree perception and do not get distracted, sleepy or intoxicated, which saves lives and avoids injuries, the engineers argue. They also say that this technology could double the capacity of roads by allowing cars to drive more safely while closer together. Because the robot cars would eventually be less likely to crash, they could be built lighter, reducing fuel consumption. But of course, to be truly safer, the cars must be far more reliable than today’s personal computers, which crash occasionally.

The Google research programme, using artificial intelligence to revolutionise the automobile, is proof that the company’s ambitions reach beyond the search engine business. Autonomous cars are years from mass production, but technologists, who have long dreamed of them, believe that they can transform society as profoundly as the Internet has.

India's economic revival

The idea that India is a poor country is a relatively recent one. Historically, South Asia was always famous as the richest region of the globe. Ever since the great Greek conqueror Alexander penetrated the Hindu Kush in 329 B.C., Europeans fantasized about the wealth of these lands where precious jewels were said to lie scattered on the ground like dust.

During the 17th century, the Indian Mughal emperors were rivalled only by their Ming counterparts in China. For their contemporaries in distant Europe, they were potent symbols of power and wealth. By the 17th century, Lahore had grown even larger and richer than Constantinople and, with its two million inhabitants, was much bigger than either London or Paris.

What changed was the advent of European colonialism. Following Vasco da Gama's discovery of the sea route to the East in 1498, European colonial traders to India — first the Portuguese, then the Dutch and finally the British — slowly destroyed the old trading network and imposed a Western imperial system of economics. It was only at the very end of the 18th century that Europe had for the first time in history a favourable balance of trade withAsia. The era of Indian economic decline had begun. By 1870, at the peak of the British dominion, India had been reduced for the first time to a Third World nation, a symbol across the globe of famine, poverty and deprivation.

Then, what is happening today with the rise of India and China is not some miraculous novelty — as it is usually depicted in the Western press — so much as a return to the traditional pattern of global trade in the medieval and ancient world.

The truth about bears - PAU Madrid 2010 resuelto

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos C. Madrid

The wildlife biologist, John Rogers, had spent thousands of hours studying North America’s black bears. He shot them with tranquilisers before fitting them with radio collars. He took their blood and studied their DNA. And he tracked their movements and marked them on maps. But none of that had allowed him to really know the creatures.

Rogers finally decided that he couldn’t hope to know bears unless he won their trust. And so he abandoned scientific detachment and took the controversial step of forming relationships with his study animals, using food to gain acceptance among an extended bear family in Minnesota. Now, he has abandoned almost everything he knew, or thought he knew, about bears. They do not like honey. They are not even that crazy about berries or nuts, if they have a choice of larvae in a tree trunk.

And they are not dangerous. “In all my 42 years of  working closely with bears, I have not found a way of getting a bear to attack. The more I push, the more they try to get away. If they wave their arms aggressively, it’s just a way to keep me at a distance while they find a way to escape. It’s humans who are the more dangerous animals”, he said. “If you look at statistics, one black bear out of a million kills somebody. Among humans, it’s one person out of 18,000 who kills somebody. So you could see why I would feel a lot less comfortable in the city than in the woods next to a bear.”

Do you sleep enough? - PAU 2009

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos C. Madrid

A good night's sleep is becoming ever more elusive for the average American and it's a problem that plagues us at all ages, from infancy to adulthood. Now three new articles in the journal Sleep tackle the question of sleeplessness: two studies illuminate the reasons why teens and adults don't sleep enough. With teens, a major culprit is cellphone use; with adults, it's work. Meanwhile, a third study of young children reveals that sleep deprivation in early life may lead to future behavioral and cognitive problems.

The study in children was conducted at the Sleep Disorders Center in Montreal, where researchers analyzed the sleep patterns of 1,500 children aged 2.5 to 6 years. The youngsters’ mothers were asked to record the amount of time the children slept each night and fill out questionnaires about their child's hyperactivity, inattention and daytime sleepiness. Half of the kids slept 10 hours a night on average –the recommended amount for preschool­aged children– while 6% slumbered for less than 10 hours each night. Those short­sleeping children, says Dr.Montplaisir, performed poorly on tests of vocabulary and mental development tests at age 5, compared with the more rested group. Not surprisingly, the short­sleepers were also more likely to score higher on tests of hyperactivity at age six, which shows the importance of consistent and sufficient sleep for concentration and attention.

add up

To make a mathematical total

• Separable (optional)

• Examples:
• Add up your activities during the day in periods of at least 10 minutes each. 
• Just add up in periods of at least ten minutes each throughout the day.

Sumar

< Back to Phrasal verbs

Music therapy can help children with communication problems

Some infants who are born with impaired hearing and who cannot benefit from hearing aids are likely to gain 90% normal hearing ability by undergoing ear surgery. But, after the operation, the child - who has never heard before - undergoes a long rehabilitation process before he or she can begin to speak. In a recent study, researchers examined the particular effects that music therapy has on the potential development of toddlers (aged 2-3) who have undergone ear surgery, specifically in terms of improving spontaneous communication.

"Music includes various elements that are also components of language. So, this non-verbal form of communication is suitable for communication with these children, when they are still unable to use language," explained a researcher. She added that the toddlers undergoing rehabilitation are under a lot of pressure from their surroundings - especially their parents- to begin talking, and sometimes this pressure makes them become introverted. In such a scenario, music therapy strengthens these children's non-verbal communication and lessens pressure on them for verbal exchange and response.

The study provided sixteen sessions for children after ear surgery. Eight of the sessions included music-related activities and the rest involved playing with toys and games without musical sounds. The results showed that during those sessions when music therapy was implemented, spontaneous communication was markedly more frequent and prolonged in the children. The researchers concluded that exposure to music needs to be gradual, through the use of music experiences that involve basic musical parameters, such as intensity and rhythm.

KEY Sleep: Madrid 2009

EXAMEN RESUELTO

DO YOU SLEEP ENOUGH

1. Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE? Copy the evidence from the text. No marks are given for only TRUE or FALSE.
a. Most Americans find it easy to rest well at night.

• FALSE: A good night's sleep is becoming ever more elusive for the average American (and it's a problem that plagues us at all ages, from infancy to adulthood.)

b. Researchers did not require any help from families to carry out the study on the effects of sleep in children. 

• FALSE: The youngsters' mothers were asked to record the amount of time the children slept each night and fill out questionnaires about their child's hyperactivity, inattention and daytime sleepiness.

2. In your own words and based on the ideas in the text, answer the following questions. Do not copy from the text.
a. Why is the journal Sleep mentioned in the text?

• Because it has recently published three studies dealing with sleeplessness among people of all ages: adults, teenagers and children.

b. Give two differences found in the study between children who slept enough and those who did not.

• Children who slept less had a poorer vocabulary and less concentration than those whoslept longer. They scored lower on tests of vocabulary and mental development, but theyscored higher on tests of hyperactivity.

3. Find the words in the text that mean:

• a. deal with (paragraph 1) tackle
• b. insomnia (paragraph 1) sleeplessness
• c. quantity (paragraph 2) amount
• d. crucial (paragraph 3) critical

4. Complete the following sentences. Use the appropriate form of the word in brackets when given.

• a. Last year 2,500 children were asked how often they were woken up at night by incoming text messages on their mobile phone.
• b. Adolescents who/that get a good night's sleep do better in school than those who don't get enough.
• c. It seems that children and teenagers under the age of 18 are more vulnerable to radiation coming from mobile phones because their immune systems are not strong.
• d. Last month I spent (spend) too much talking on my mobile phone, but I usually spend an average of €20 each month.”

< Volver a READING: Do you sleep enough? 


+EXÁMENES RESUELTOS

Do you think you can recycle? Then you must meet the villagers of Kamikatsu, in Japan! - PAU 2009

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos C. Madrid

Not long ago life in Kamikatsu centred on cultivating rice. Now the tiny village in the densely wooded mountains of Shikoku Island in south-west Japan has a new obsession: rubbish.

Kamikatsu’s aim is to end its dependence on incineration and become Japan’s first zero-waste community. An hour’s drive from the nearest city, the village was forced to change the way it managed its waste in 2000 when new regulations on dioxin emissions forced it to shut down its two incinerators. “We were no longer able to burn our rubbish, so we thought the best policy was not to produce any at first,”  said Sonoe Fujii of the village’s Zero Waste Academy, a non-profit organisation that controls the scheme.

Household waste must be separated into no fewer than 34 categories before being taken to a recycling centre where volunteers reprimand firmly, but politely, anyone who forgets to remove the lid  from a plastic bottle or to wash out an empty been. At first, it was very hard work,” said a 65-year old villager as she emptied another bowl of vegetable peelings into the electric garbage disposal unit next to her back door. “It took ages to sort everything into different types. But it comes naturally now.” Any waste that is not organic is taken to the village’s zero-waste centre. The site has a wide variety of items, from bottles, cans and newspapers to batteries, cigarette lighters, ballpoint pens and a surprisingly large number of broken mirrors.

Despite some opposition, Kamikatsu’s recycling rate has soared from 55% a decade ago to about 80% today.

The Influenza pandemic of 1918

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos C. Madrid

The influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 killed more people than the Great War, known today as World War I, at somewhere between 20 and 40 million people. Known as "Spanish Flu", that outbreak of influenza was a global disaster. It has been cited as the most devastating epidemic in recorded world history. More people died of influenza in a single year than in four years of the Bubonic Plague from 1347 to 1351.

In the fall of 1918, the Great War in Europe was winding down and peace was on the horizon. Then, something erupted that seemed as benign as the common cold. The influenza of that season, however, was far more than a cold. In the two years that this plague ravaged the earth, a fifth of the world's population was infected. The “Spanish flu” was most deadly for people aged 20 to 40. This pattern of morbidity was unusual for influenza, which is usually a killer of the elderly and young children.

It infected 28% of all Americans. An estimated 675,000 Americans died of influenza during the pandemic, ten times as many as in the World War I. Of the U.S. soldiers who died in Europe, half of them fell to the influenza virus and not to the enemy.

People were struck with illness on the street and died rapid deaths. The physicians of the time were helpless against this powerful agent of influenza. A well-known anecdote tells of four women playing bridge together late into the night. Overnight, three of the women died from influenza.

Bullying at school - PAU inglés 2010 Andalucía resuelto

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos Andalucía

Picture by John Steven Fernandez - CC licence

For some time, Johnny, a quiet 13-year-old, was a human toy for some of his classmates. He was constantly forced to give them his money, and beaten up in the toilets. When Johnny’s torturers were interrogated about the bullying, they said they abused him because “it was fun”. Unfortunately, bullying among schoolchildren is certainly an old phenomenon, and most adults have experienced some form of mild abuse in their schooldays; but this was not considered such a big problem, and therefore authorities did not think that measures had to be taken. It was only in the early 1970s that it began to be made the object of systematic research.

A broad definition of bullying is when a student is repeatedly exposed to negative actions on the part of one or more other students. These negative actions can take the form of physical contact, verbal abuse, or making faces and rude gestures. Spreading rumours and excluding the victim from a group are also common forms.

A recent survey shows that around 15% of pupils in primary and secondary schools are involved in bully/victim problems with some regularity, and there are indications that the level of bullying is rising every year.

Animal cruelty and interpersonal violence -PAU inglés 2011 Andalucía

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos Andalucía

To animal lovers, violence against animals is cruel and difficult to understand. To the rest of the world, it is 'just an animal, humans matter more.’ But aren't humans really the cruellest species of all? Most animals kill for food and territory, but humans kill also for sport, fashion, and cosmetics!

Many researchers have found that violence against animals indicates a high propensity for interpersonal violence. Simply, those who abuse animals usually do the same to human victims. Although not all animal abusers become serial killers, most serial killers began their murders with animals. Violence against animals, according to Hildegard George, is directly related to our culture of violence. This culture of violence gives us an excuse to abuse, harm and deny rights to those we discriminate against. This is evident, for some people, in the slavery of black people in America in the nineteenth century, mistreatment of the Jewish people in Nazi Germany and world-wide abuse of animals to perpetuate the human race.

A very special postman -PAU inglés 2011 Andalucía resuelto

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos Andalucía

Peter works as a postman in Springfield, Illinois. One day, when he got to Susan’s house, she was waiting for him at the entrance because she had a story to tell him.

About six months earlier, it seems that he had delivered a letter to her which had her street number on it, but was addressed to another house with the same number on a different street in the neighbourhood. As she was going out for a walk, she decided to drop off the letter at the correct house. It turned out that the letter was addressed to Robert, a young man who happened to be single. They talked for a little while, and some time later, he called her and they started dating.

Peter was embarrassed about his mistake, but he was pleased because he had brought these nice people together. The following spring, there was a “For Sale” sign in Susan’s garden, and then the wedding invitations were sent out. Soon after the house was sold, the wedding took place and Susan moved into Robert’s house.

Emerging market giants -PAU inglés 2011 Andalucía resuelto

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos Andalucía

Maybe you haven’t noticed it, but we are in the middle of a historic change in global economic power. That’s the funny thing about world’s changing events, you never notice them until they’re over. This power transfer is from West to East, from the US and Europe to emerging market giants: Brazil, Russia, India and China (collectively known as the BRIC countries). The BRICs are getting rapidly richer, while we are accumulating the debts. Where will it end?

The figures are amazing, especially when you look at China. Its population is 1.35 billion, more than 20 times the UK’s, with a workforce of an astonishing 812 million people. It’s the world’s second-largest economy and the biggest exporter on the planet. It is also the world’s largest creditor nation. According to some estimates, by 2025 China will have substituted the US as the global economic superpower. By 2034, India will have knocked the US into third place. The BRICs are younger and hungrier than us, and catching up fast. But you have to put their success into perspective. As the BRICs grow richer, they are likely to encounter many of the problems we have. China’s population is getting old rapidly, due to its one-child policy, just as in the West. Russia’s population is actually decreasing due to high alcohol and tobacco abuse and low birth rates. The BRIC countries can’t continue to grow at the same pace year after year. Plenty of things could go wrong. Their economies could overheat. Political corruption, growing inequality of wealth, inflation or poor infrastructure could block their revival.

Asking for help helps meeting people -PAU inglés 2011 Andalucía

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos Andalucía

Self-help books explaining how to improve your life all by yourself are bestsellers. However, Mayday! Asking Others for Help in Times of Need is highly original: it explains how to overcome your shyness and get other people's help. Its author, Nora Klaver, a successful business woman, was interviewed and said how she got the idea.

This came to her when she realised that she was successful, financially stable and travelling the world over, but the people around her were more interested in taking from her than in giving back to her. When she became seriously ill, the doctor said she needed an operation and someone to care for her during the week after the surgery. Then she called her boyfriend and told him she needed him to stay with her. Two days before the operation, he left her. So, she had no one to help her and realised that she didn´t want to live that way anymore and that she needed to find friends and loved ones who would give her as much as she gives them. Then she started focusing on this idea of asking for help as a way of meeting new people.

American society loves individual autonomy so much, it is part of it. Following the myth of the cowboy on the range, everyone wants to prove that they are self-sufficient, that they can do it their own way. But it´s just … too difficult, it's exhausting and Nora doesn't believe that is the way people should live. She thinks we should live together in a community and not as individuals all by ourselves.

Newly-Released UFO Files - PAU inglés 2011 Andalucía resuelto

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos Andalucía

The Ministry of Defence has released eighteen UFO -Unidentified Flying Object- files that include an account of a wartime meeting attended by the Prime Minister Winston Churchill. He was so concerned about the issue that he ordered it to be kept secret for at least 50 years to prevent “mass panic.” Nick Pope, a UFO sightings investigator, explained: "What happened is that a scientist, whose grandfather was one of Churchill's bodyguards, said that Churchill and Eisenhower got together to hide a phenomenal UFO sighting that was witnessed by a RAF crew on their way back from a bombing raid.” The interesting thing is that most of the UFO files from that period have been deleted. The reason apparently was that Churchill believed it would cause mass panic and it would shatter people's religious views.

According to the files, there were also more than 600 reports of sightings of UFOs in 1996. Dr David Clarke, a UFO consultant to the National Archives, explained to the BBC why the papers are being made public now: "Since the Freedom of Information Act arrived in 2005, UFOs have become the third-most popular subject for people to write to the Ministry of Defence saying “Please, could you release this file or papers that you hold on this particular case?" What they've decided to do is to be totally open and to say “Look, we're not holding any secrets back about this subject, we've got all these files and we're going to make them available to the public.”

These files are part of a project between the Ministry of Defence and the National Archives and they are available at their website.

German schools to teach online privacy -PAU inglés 2011 Andalucía resuelto

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos Andalucía

Internet companies such as Facebook and Google have received repeated criticism in Germany, where the government is worried about what they do with users' data. Many of Facebook's 2 million users in Germany are young people who might post pictures of themselves and their friends drunk at parties. Unfortunately, being careless about one's data has its risks. After all, potential employers also know how to use social networking tools. Now the government of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, realizing that young people are not always conscious of the dangers of revealing personal information on the Internet, is planning to teach school students how to deal with the Internet and social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter.

"The Internet doesn't only offer chances and opportunities, but also has risks which our students should understand in order to exercise autonomy with regard to digital media," said North Rhine-Westphalia's media minister.

Zara, a Spanish Success Story -PAU inglés 2011 Andalucía resuelto

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos Andalucía

In an era when clothing retailers send out much of their manufacturing to developing countries, one Spanish company, Zara, is having enormous success doing things differently. What is Zara's secret? The company's success lies in it having total control of every part of the business: it designs, produces and distributes itself. It has never run an advertising campaign, yet it has more than 1,000 shops worldwide. Everything is coordinated from its headquarters on an industrial estate in Arteixo, outside A Coruña, in Spain.

By controlling the entire process from factory to shop floor, Zara can react quickly to changing fashion trends and customers' tastes, providing a "newness" that has been extremely successful in Europe. The clothes are finished off at A Coruña before being shipped out twice a week to all its shops.

The Swedish Revolution in your Home - PAU inglés Andalucía 2011

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos Andalucía

It was the autumn of 1987, and a major cultural phenomenon was about to take place. In the town of Warrington, a furniture store with a strange name opened its doors – Ikea had arrived in the UK. Ikea was founded 60 years ago by a 17-year-old boy in an old shed in a rural Swedish garden. The name Ikea comes from the initials of the founder's name, Ingvar Kamprad, the farm where he grew up, Elmtaryd, and his home village, Agunnaryd.

Looking back now, it's easy to forget that the Swedish store was genuinely revolutionary. Before Ikea, anyone who wanted furniture at an affordable price which didn't look like their parents' could forget it. The choice was either save up and go to Habitat or buy something that looked like mum and dad's.

Interior designer Anne Hunter says “Ikea has changed the way we live, putting modern design within reach of millions of young people for the first time and, if we get tired of something, it's not the end of the world because it didn't cost a fortune”. Linton Scarborough, manager at the Straiton store, puts it this way: "It's all about the range; we have a wide range of well-designed, functional, home furnishing products at prices so low that many people can afford them.”

Comprehension+ "Immigrants": Andalucía 2012

By Kerby Miller - Ed. Chronicle Books

IMMIGRANTS

COMPREHENSION

TRUE - FALSE

ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWERS WITH WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT, OR USE YOUR OWN WORDS.

4. The writer knows a lot about her great-grandfather's family in Ireland.

• FALSE: My great-grandfather was born in 1842. His father was a fisherman who died at sea. That's all I know about this period of his life (lines 1-2).

5. Life in the USA was easy for the writer's ancestor.  

• FALSE: However, there were many difficult times in these new surroundings, such as poor crops, freezing winters and droughts (lines 10-11).

< Volver a QUESTIONS: Immigrants

   Ir a USE OF ENGLISH: Immigrants >

 

Use of English "Immigrants": Andalucía 2012

By Kerby Miller - Ed. Chronicle Books

IMMIGRANTS

COMPREHENSION

LEXICON

6. FIND IN THE TEXT THE WORD WHICH HAS THE FOLLOWING DEFINITION:
    "Shortage of food in a certain area."

• famine (line 3)

7. FIND IN THE TEXT ONE SYNONYM FOR "moreover" (adverb).

• furthermore (line 9)

8. GIVE AN ADJECTIVE WITH THE SAME ROOT AS "death" (noun).

• deathly

9. FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRECT OPTION: (lend / borrow / rent / spend)

• I'll lend you the money if you pay me back soon.

< Volver a READING: Immigrants
   Ir a GRAMMAR: Immigrants >

Use of English+ "Immigrants": Andalucía 2012

By Kerby Miller - Ed. Chronicle Books

IMMIGRANTS

COMPREHENSION

GRAMMAR

10.  FILL IN THE GAP WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB: 

• I could have passed the test if you had taught (teach) me sooner. 

11. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY:
       Have you met the girl? She's going out with Ted.

• Have you met the girl who/that is going out with Ted?

12.  GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS:
       She has been waiting for Mark all day.

• How long has she been waiting for Mark?

13. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING AN APPROPIATE LINKER (DO NOT USE AND, BUT, OR BECAUSE). MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY:
       It's snowing. She wants to go for a walk.

• Although/ though/ even though it is snowing, she wants to go for a walk.

< Volver a LEXICON: Immigrants 
< Volver a READING: Immigrants


+EXÁMENES RESUELTOS
 

Comprehension "Immigrants": Andalucía 2012

By Kerby Miller - Ed. Chronicle Books

IMMIGRANTS

COMPREHENSION

QUESTIONS

ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-3 ACCORDING TO THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THE TEXT. USE YOUR OWN WORDS.

1. Why did the writer's ancestors have to leave their home country?

• During the XIX century, the Irish population suffered the effects of a terrible famine which forced them to leave their own country looking for a better place to live. 

2. What does the narrator mean by saying "it is the tears of the immigrants that made the green fields of the USA"?

• The narrator means that nowadays the American population can enjoy prosperity because immigrants worked hard to reach it long time ago. 

3. How did the protagonist's life get better in the USA? Mention two facts.

• The protagonist gained his American citizenship, became the owner of a small farm and grown a large family. He even took part in politics and several of his children graduated at High School.

< Volver a READING: Immigrants

   Ir a TRUE-FALSE: Immigrants >

Get back

1- Get back : Return

• Intransitive

        2- Get (sth) back: Recover

• Separable (opcional)

• Examples in context:

1. These are probably the only girls in the country who can’t wait for holidays to finish and to get back to school.
2. “It is not about the money. It is about impatience and getting some power back.”  

1- Regresar, volver
2- Recuperar (algo) (perdido, prestado)


< Back to Phrasal verbs

Get along

Get along (with sb) : Have a good relationship with someone

• Inseparable

• Example in context:

• They must also be in good physical and mental health, and be able to get along well with other people.

Llevarse bien (con alguien)


< Back to Phrasal verbs

Get into

1- Get (sb) into (sth) : Be admited 

2- Get (sb) into (sth) : Become involved in something bad or criminal

• Separable (opcional)

• Examples in context:

1. It is the mothers who survive that feed their children, get them into a school and take them for their vaccinations.
2. “I got into fights at school and university, and would lose controlover little things.”

1- Entrar/ingresar/ser admitido en (asociación, colegio, organización, universidad, etc)

2- Meter(se) en (problemas, dificultades, discusión, pelea), involucrar(se) en

< Back to Phrasal verbs

Come up

Come up : Get closer

• Intransitive

• Examples in context:
• If you've got a birthday or anniversary coming up, make it clear that flowers, a book or a spa gift voucher is a better present than chocolates.

Acercarse (fecha, acontecimiento importantes)


< Back to Phrasal verbs

Carry on

Carry on (with sth): Proceed

• Separable (optional)

Continuar, seguir adelante


< Back to Phrasal verbs

build up

1- Build (sth) up : Increase
2- Build (up) : Create

• Separable (optional)

• Examples in context:
• 1- Start slowly … and build up.
• 2- To do that, Amancio Ortega Gaona (...), built up an elaborate distribution structure over the years.

1- Aumentar (gradualmente)
2- Crear


< Back to Phrasal verbs

Give back

Give (sb) back sth/give (sth) back to sb/ give (sb) sth back: Return, refund (money)

• Separable (optional)

• Example in context:

• This came to her when she realised that she was successful, financially stable and travelling the world over, but the people around her were more interested in taking from her than in giving back to her.

Devolver algo (a alguien)


< Back to Phrasal verbs

Finish off

Finish off : Finish completely

• Separable (optional)

• Example in context:

• The clothes are finished off at A Coruña before being shipped out twice a week to all its shops.

Completar, terminar, acabar, rematar algo (que se está haciendo)


< Back to Phrasal verbs

build into

Build into: Include

• Separable (optional)

• Examples in context:
• 1- This goal can be reached by building physical activities into your daily routine.

Incorporar


< Back to Phrasal verbs

Grow up

Grow up : Mature, become adult

• Intransitive

• Examples in context:

• These dolls, thinner than traditional shapes, make girls want to be unrealistically slim when they grow up.
• I had a liberal upbringing, growing up in Ireland in the 1950s and 1960s.
• The name Ikea comes from the initials of the founder's name, Ingvar Kamprad, the farm where he grew up, Elmtaryd, and his home village, Agunnaryd.
• Now, thirty-nine years after she wrote to Elvis Presley promising to marry him when she grew up, Karen Golz has learned that her idol did not have a wooden heart.
• “Dear Elvis, It’s my birthday soon and if you send me your autograph I promise I will marry you when I grow up.”
• When he was eight he sent me my favourite photograph, which I still keep in my office. Nick was growing up fast.
• A proud culture of voyaging that teaches discipline and self-steem has grown up around Hawaiian canoes.
• I grew up in wartime Britain and my education was completely destroyed by the war.
• She grew up in an orphanage, where she was just a number.
• Lots of kids today grow up with a keyboard in one hand and a joystick in the other.
• It provides environment where your children can learn important lessons that they can use in their grown up lives.
• In a strange way, maybe society’s demonisation of teen boys has made them grow up more quickly.
• He grows up with his mother, who rents out rooms in the family house to people traveling through the area.
• Laura Davis, a young organic farmer, grew up in London, far away from the small country village she later moved to.
• Then a 15-year old growing up in Indonesia, he decided to make a difference in cancer research.
• The decline of British industry has meant that poorly educated men, in particular, have fewer job opportunities. So more children grow up in families where parents are unemployed. 

Crecer, hacerse mayor.

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Grow into

Grow into (sth) : Mature or change into

• Inseparable

• Example in context:

• Because first-borns begin life with exclusive parental attention, they are often more open to accepting their parents’ values, while later-born children, forced to compete for a place in the family, may grow into rebellious adults.
• Not only have we managed to survive in various forms for millions of years, but we have grown into a population of nearly 7 billion, distributed virtually all over the planet.

Convertirse en

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Go through

Go through : To experience

• Separable (optional)

• Example in context:

• Teenagers can sometimes go through rough patches which can be due to relationship problems or something to do with their parents (...).

Sufrir, pasar (por) algo

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