The pilot - PAU inglés 2016 Andalucía

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos Andalucía

As a German pilot in World War I, my father was flying a reconnaissance mission over the east of France when he was attacked by French airplanes whose machine guns damaged his plane. Without engine power, he managed to cross the Swiss border and crash-landed in a field among surprised farmers. At the end of the war, he returned to Germany from neutral Switzerland, where he had been living in an internment camp. After that, he continued his studies, graduated as a geologist, and eventually immigrated to the United States, where he became a geology professor at a leading American University. 

Half a century after this wartime incident and near the end of his career, my father was with a group of students at the end of a day's geological fieldwork. They all gathered around a campfire and he started to tell them his experience. Suddenly, one of the students interrupted him and said, "Let me finish the story." From that moment, to the amazement of all, the student provided the correct details of what had happened that day in Switzerland.

He told them that, when the farmworkers got to the place of the accident to assist the soldiers, they found that the photographer who was seated behind my father was dead. They liberated my disoriented but uninjured father from the plane and provided him with food and water. Some time later, the Swiss police arrived and interned him in a camp. In his youth, the student had heard this story many times from his mother, who happened to be one of the farm girls taking part in the events.

Museums are the new churches - PAU inglés 2016 Andalucía

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos Andalucía 

Across the United States, arts institutions are in the middle of a building boom. About twelve museums have been built in the past year. That means twelve temples devoted to art in a single year. Near the end of the 1990s, Frank Gehry’s Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao marked the beginning of a new era of museums designed by star architects. Churches and cathedrals once stood at the top of the architectural hierarchy, but today the museum is the building that every renowned architect dreams of designing. Besides, only a museum can attract the sort of budget that used to be reserved for cathedrals in the past.
Art museums are the new churches not because the role of the church has declined in recent centuries and something had to fill the gap. The new status of museum architecture is rather a reflection of how art has changed over the years. Before the 18th Century, non-religious art could only be found in palaces and lacked any public function. By the 19th Century, museums were meant to serve as places for ethical and social improvement. But, in the 20th Century, aesthetic contemplation became a virtue in itself, and museum architecture changed accordingly. That is why modern museums are marked by pure, white walls and by giant spaces that, like the nave of a basilica, make visitors seem small in comparison.
Art has imitated religion in other ways too. These days, we frequently use religious language when talking about art. We make “pilgrimages” to museums in far-off places. We experience “transcendence” before major paintings. And, of course, Sunday is the busiest day of the week for most art museums.

The Notting Hill Carnival - PAU 2016 inglés Andalucía

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos Andalucía

The Notting Hill Carnival traces its origins back to the culture of the Caribbean. When African slaves were first brought to Trinidad, they were not permitted to dance or play their own music. However, as the slavery regime settled down, a strong local tradition of carnival emerged. Once a year, enslaved people symbolically escaped from the oppression of their daily routine by playing music, dancing, and dressing up in costumes which mimicked the European fashions of their masters. They even whitened their faces with flour or wore white masks.

The tradition came to London with the migration of workers and their families from the Caribbean to Britain after the Second World War. By the late 1950s, many Caribbeans were living in Notting Hill a poor area. There, they faced racism, bad housing conditions and, in 1958, violent attacks from white youths. The idea of a Caribbean carnival emerged as a way of reasserting community cohesion after the 1958 disturbance. 

Claudia Jones, the editor of the West Indian Gazette, was the moving spirit behind the idea. The first carnival celebration was held in the town hall building in St. Pancras in 1962. This was a great success and became an annual event. In 1965, local social worker Rhaune Laslett suggested holding some outdoor festivities in Notting Hill. The two celebrations were combined, and so the Notting Hill carnival began. The skills of costume-making, steel drumming and calypso music gradually came together to establish a festival of music, arts and culture.

The Notting Hill Carnival is the largest European street party and the second major street festival in the world after Rio's Carnival. It is truly a spectacle not to be missed.

No Fear, No Surprise, No Hesitation - PAU inglés 2016 Madrid

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos C. Madrid

Ancient Samurai Armor | by williamcho

Where does this saying come from? It's from a seventeenth-century samurai warrior. This way his key to successful living.

No fear. There should be nothing in this life that you are afraid of. If there is, you might need to overcome that fear. Here I have to confess to a certain fear of heights. Recently, owing to leaky rain gutters, I had to crawl out on our roof. I gritted my teeth and kept repeating, "No fear, no fear", until the job was done. Oh yes, and of course I didn't look down. Whatever your fear, face it head on and defeat it.

No surprise. Life seems to be full of them. You're going along swimmingly and suddenly something huge rears up ahead of you. But if you look carefully, there were clues all along the way that it was going to happen. So why does life seem to surprise us then? Because we are asleep half the time. Wake up and nothing can sneak up on you.

No hesitation. Weigh up the odds and then just get on with it. If you spend too long thinking, the opportunity will have passed. Once we have looked at the options, we make a choice; then, go for it. No hesitation means not waiting around for other people to help out or make up our minds for us. No hesitation means if there is a certain inevitability about a situation then just throw yourself in, head first, and enjoy the ride. If there is nothing to be done then waiting doesn't help.

Migrant crisis - PAU 2016 C.Valenciana

>Exámenes selectividad inglés Comunidad Valenciana resueltos

NORWAY WILL RETURN BACK TO RUSSIA REFUGEES WHO EXPLOITED LEGAL BICYCLE GAP

Sylvi Listhaug, Norway’s immigration minister, has told refugees that exploited a legal gap to enter the country  on bikes  through an  Arctic  Circle  crossing  will  have to  return  to  Russia.  Around 5,500 asylum seekers used bikes to travel through the Storskog crossing last year and, although Russia does not  allow people  to  cross  the  border  on foot  and  Norway  does  not  let  in  motorists carrying people without documents, people on bicycles are allowed in on both sides. 

Listhaug  also  announced  that  immigrants  without  a  transit  visa  would  be  sent  back  to  Russia. The two  nations  have  been  sending  refugees  back  and  forth  since  November  2015  when  the  new route was identified by authorities. Once they reach Norway, refugees spend time at a centre that provides shelter for  around  600  people  in  barracks  on  a  former  military  camp  bordering  the airport  of Kirkenes. New arrivals are given fleece jumpers, waterproof jackets and other clothes appropriate for the  Arctic climate,  with  most  of  them  sleeping  in  bunk  beds.  On  Thursday, Norwegian  police confirmed that the refugees would not be forced to return across the border on two wheels, and could instead be taken by bus. 

The number  of  people  taking  the  Arctic  route  is  tiny  compared  with  the  estimated  750,000  who arrived  via  the  Mediterranean  in  2015,  a  perilous  journey  that  has  led  to  the  loss  of  at  least 3,400 lives. 

William Watkison, International Business Times, 15-1-2016

Why are British kids so unhappy? Two words: screen time. PAU Valencia 2016

>Exámenes selectividad inglés Comunidad Valenciana resueltos

Children at school-by-Lucélia Ribeiro

Peter Wanless has warned of a nation of deeply unhappy children, due to “the pressure to keep up with friends and have the perfect life online... adding to the sadness that many young people feel every day”. New research by Action For Children (AFC) finds that one in four parents struggles to control their  children’s  screen  use, 10% of parents find it hard to get their kids to do homework, and 18% can’t get them to go to sleep at night.

AFC suggests limiting children’s screen time by planning fun activities for the whole family that don’t involve technology and creating a balance between technology use and other activities, insisting that, for every hour of screen, children should have to do an hour of something else.

Sorry, none of that’s ever going to work on any teen I know, for that matter; it’s too late for that now. No, it’s time for some Victorian-style parenting.  So last night we sat our son Fred down and laid down the law: from this Sunday,  he’s to hand in his phone to us by 10.30 pm on school  nights - no discussion,  no argument,  just good old-fashioned “because I said so”. His response? “No way. That is so unfair. I’ve done nothing wrong!”

Sure, you can blame the parents for this whole mess -if we hadn’t filled our homes with smartphones and tablets and  laptops and desktops, none of this would ever have happened.  You can even blame society or  the government. Or it could be Tim Berners-Lee’s fault for inventing the web.

Bob Granleese, The Guardian, 7-1-2016

Exámenes selectividad 2016 Andalucía resueltos

 EXÁMENES INGLÉS

 Are you a Phubber?

Museums are the new churches 

The birth of Rock and Roll

  The Notting Hill Carnival

The pilot

Triskaidekaphobia

+EXÁMENES RESUELTOS

Are you a Phubber? PAU 2016 resuelto

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos Andalucía

"Stop Phubbing" is a campaign aimed to embarrass people over the rude use of mobile phones. "Phubbing" is a slang word that means ignoring others in a social setting by looking at your phone instead of paying attention.  "Tweeting" during weddings, or "instagramming" at dinner with friends are cases of phubbing. Posters have been created for use in cafes, bars and restaurants, with slogans including "Respect the food and the company you are in" or "Put your phone away and have a chat in the real world." 

The campaign creator, Alex Haigh, an Australian student, explained how the idea of the campaign was born: "A group of friends and I were chatting when someone commented how annoying being ignored by people on mobiles was. It's the people who do it all the time that we are targeting. It's a paradox. You disconnect from those around you in favour of those pretty much anywhere else. This often irritates your friends, unless they're phubbing too, in which case you all might as well have stayed home." 

Joseph Haddad, who owns a cafe in Brunswick, Germany, has displayed posters of the campaign to try to discourage bad manners: "It happens a lot, people come in and we ask them, 'what would you like?' and they stay on their phones. And we see a lot of people who are sitting at the table with friends, and they are on Facebook, or Twitter... don't you think they should be talking to each other instead?" Although the first "Stop Phubbing" campaign group started in Australia, at least five others have appeared as indignation about this new type of rude behaviour grows all over the world. 

Exámenes selectividad 2016 Madrid resueltos

MODELOS DE EXÁMENES INGLÉS

Better ways to learn

How would we live in a world without oil?

No fear, no surprise, no hesitation

 

MODELOS DE EXÁMENES FRANCÉS

Parler une autre langue: est-ce un don?

Opération: Tous au restaurant

+EXÁMENES RESUELTOS

Opération: Tous au restaurant - PAU francés 2016

>Exámenes selectividad francés Madrid resueltos

Un repas acheté pour un repas offert, telle est la consigne de l ́opération Tous au restaurant pendant le mois de septembre. Sur plus de 1000 tables dans toute la France, 80 sont étoilées*.

Il y a des dates clés qu ́il ne faut pas oublier: le premier jour des soldes, la Saint-Valentin pour certains, le début de la saison de la chasse pour d ́autres, mais aussi depuis cinq ans, l ́ouverture, à dix heures précises, des réservations en ligne de l’évènement gastronomique Tous au restaurant.

L ́opération lancée en 2010 par Alain Ducasse**, mobilise plus d ́un millier de restaurants, dont 80 étoilés, à travers toute la France, sur un principe simple: un repas acheté, un repas offert. Elle se déroule en septembre et la période n ́a pas été choisie au hasard. Traditionnellement, le mois de septembre est mauvais pour la restauration. Les vacances et les impôts passés ont laissé les finances en mauvais état. Une addition pour deux couverts au prix d ́un seul est effectivement l’occasion de faire que l ́exceptionnel devienne accessible.

Conçu sur le modèle de la «Restaurant week» de New York, lancée en 1992 et désormais organisée deux fois par an, Tous au restaurant rencontre un succès grandissant. La manifestation, faite à l ́origine pour soutenir les tables françaises, s ́exporte pour la première fois dans cinq métropoles européennes: Berlin, Genève, Milan, Bruxelles et Luxembourg.

D’après Alice Bosio, Lefigaro.fr,9 septembre 2014

The birth of Rock and Roll - PAU 2016 Andalucía inglés

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos Andalucía

The  origins  of  rock  and  roll  have  been  fiercely  debated  by  commentators  and  historians  of  music.  There  is  general  agreement  that  it  began in  the  Southern  United  States  –  a  region  which  would  produce  most  of  the  major  early rock and roll acts – through the meeting of various influences that embodied a merging of the African musical tradition with European instrumentation.  The migration of many former slaves and their descendants to major urban centers  such  as Memphis,  New  York  City,  Detroit  and  Chicago meant  that  black  and  white  residents  were  living  in  close  proximity  in  larger  numbers  than  ever  before,  and  as  a  result  heard  each  other's  music  and  even  began  to  emulate each other's fashions.

Radio stations that made white and black forms of music available to both groups, the development  and  spread  of  the gramophone  record,  and  African  American  musical  styles  such as  jazz  and  swing  which were taken up by white musicians, aided this process of "cultural collision".

The immediate roots of rock and roll lay in the rhythm and blues, then called " race music", and country music of 10 the  1940s  and  1950s.  

Particularly  significant  influences  were  jazz, blues, gospel,  country,  and folk. Commentators differ in their views of which of these forms were most important and the degree to which the new music was a re-branding of African American rhythm and blues for a white market, or a new hybrid of black and white forms.

In the 1930s jazz, and particularly swing, both in urban based dance bands and blues-influenced country swing, was among the first music to present African American sounds for a predominantly white audience.

Parler une autre langue: est-ce un don? - PAU francés 2016

>Exámenes selectividad francés Madrid resueltos

Il ne faut pas disposer de facultés particulières pour parler correctement une autre langue. Se lamenter de ne pas avoir cette facilité est donc une très mauvaise excuse pour ne pas s'y appliquer.

Au siècle dernier, certains linguistes ont tenté de mettre au point des tests d'aptitude pour vérifier l'existence d'un don. Mais, depuis les années 70, la grande majorité d'entre eux admet qu'aucune preuve ne va dans ce sens. Ni liée à un talent particulier ni en relation avec notre niveau d'intelligence, notre capacité à accéder à une autre langue ne dépend donc que de nous: de notre milieu culturel d'origine, de notre curiosité et de notre intérêt pour les autres et pour le monde, mais également de nos oreilles. C'est en tous cas ce qu'a démontré Alfred Tomatis, médecin spécialiste en oto-rhino-laryngologie, inventeur d'une méthode d'apprentissage souvent sollicitée par les acteurs et les chanteurs.

Selon lui, «la voix ne reproduit que ce que l'oreille écoute, ce qui signifie que si l'on parle mal une langue étrangère, c'est parce qu'on ne l'écoute pas correctement. »

Huit universités l'ont confirmé: rééduquer son oreille, c'est-à-dire l'accorder pour se mettre sur la même longueur d'onde que la langue à apprendre, permet de réduire de moitié le temps d'apprentissage.

D ́après Stéphanie Torre, Marie France, 19 janvier 2014

How would we live in a world without oil? -PAU 2016 inglés Madrid resuelto

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos C. Madrid

What would happen if our oil supply were shut off in a day? First, there is transportation. With the overwhelming majority of the oil we produce devoted to powering our vehicles, the impact on getting around would be most dramatic. Price-speculation would begin right away, and long lines would form at gas stations. Soon, we would all be looking for an electric car or converting our vehicles to run on natural gas. But it would not be long before natural gas supplies were also driven to extinction.

Fuel shortage is not the only problem our enslavement to black gold would cause. We also need to keep the lights on and blackouts would soon begin. It gets much worse still, of course, because a world without oil would quickly become a world without all of the products made from petroleum that we have come to know, love and depend upon. The list of essentials that we would soon be doing without is prodigious: medicines, paints, utensils and equipment, virtually all plastics, etc.

Eating would get tougher, too. If no one can truck fresh vegetables from across the country, we might be inclined to go back to basics and grow our own food. Local farmers would become a necessity, not just people who sell us honey at the street fair. It is an interesting thought experiment to picture such a world. Though the scenario is unreal, of course, taken to its logical conclusion, it encompasses so much more. A complete extinction of oil would lead to a rapid breakdown of society, desperation, lawlessness, wars and untold suffering.

Better ways to learn- PAU 2016 inglés Madrid resuelto

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos C. Madrid

New studies challenge the notion that a high test score equals true learning. Although a good grade may be achieved in the short term by cramming for an exam, chances are that most of the information will be quickly lost. Indeed, these surveys show that over 70 % of students probably don’t need to study more – just more effectively.

Based on decades of brain science, experts offer students a new method for learning. “Students tend to sit there and push themselves for hours, when there are other ways to make the learning more efficient, fun and interesting, which will maximize their learning potential,” researchers say. For instance, rather than sitting at the same desk studying for hours, changing the scenery will create new associations in your brain and make it easier to recall information later. Another way to signal to your brain that information is important is to talk about it. Self-testing and writing down information on flashcards also reinforces learning.

Another technique is called “distributed learning” or “spacing”. Long study sessions may seem productive, but chances are that learners are spending most of their brainpower on maintaining their concentration for a long time. That does not leave a lot of brain energy for learning. “The brain wants variation. It wants to move, it wants to take periodic breaks.” Scientists also confirm that repeating the information over a longer interval – say a few days or a week later, rather than in rapid succession – sends a stronger signal to the brain to retain the information, and this enhances learning.

Triskaidekaphobia - PAU inglés 2016 Andalucía resuelto

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos Andalucía

The number 13 is synonymous with bad luck. It's considered unlucky to have 13 guests at a dinner party, and most people avoid getting married or buying a house on a day marked by this dreaded number. Especially superstitious folks even avoid driving on Friday the 13th. Our fixation with the number 13 runs deep. Of course, unlucky 13 isn't the only popular superstition that has been linked to the human psyche for decades. We're also beholden to black cats, broken mirrors and umbrellas opened indoors.

Author and psychology professor Stuart Vyse explains that the number 13 has a history of very old references that tend to be associated with groups of 13 people. "At the Last Supper in Christian theology, there were 13 dinner guests, so that number is unlucky because Christ was betrayed... And in Norse mythology, 12 benevolent gods were gathering in a hall and the evil god Loki, the 13th guest, attacked the group and the god Balder was killed".

Although there isn’t any statistical proof to support the superstition that Friday the 13th — or even just the number 13 itself — is unlucky, the fear of the number 13 is so pervasive that it even has a phobia named after it: triskaidekaphobia. Based on this phobia, airlines typically do not have a 13th row, and most tall buildings do not have a 13th floor. However, many triskaidekaphobics, who count author Stephen King and former president Franklin Roosevelt among their ranks, don't need statistical evidence to back up their conviction that the number is truly cursed. As with any superstition, no matter how irrational it may be, some people will still choose to believe in it