We can thank the human brain for keeping our race alive all these years - PAU inglés Andalucía 2012

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos Andalucía


Homer's brainHumans are pretty amazing animals. Not only have we managed to survive in various forms for millions of years, but we have grown into a population of nearly 7 billion, distributed virtually all over the planet. And we've done it despite the fact that, compared with much of the rest of the animal kingdom, we are fairly fragile creatures. We are not particularly strong; we do not do very well without a regular supply of food and water; and we are vulnerable to a lot of infectious diseases.
We have been able to succeed, for the most part, perhaps because of our highly developed brain and its ability to develop ingenious solutions to life-threatening challenges. Modern humans have come to depend on a multitude of inventions in order to survive and one of the most important is antibiotics, a discovery of the twentieth century which has changed our lives. 
For most of human history, almost everyone on the planet ran the risk of dying in epidemics of bacterial diseases. One such disease, the "Black Death," killed an estimated 200 million people in the 14th century alone. However, in the late 1920s, a London physician named Dr. Alexander Fleming noticed that mould (a greenish microorganism that grows with humidity and heat) which had contaminated a Petri dish prevented the growth of a pathogen he was studying. One of his students, Dr. Cecil Paine, eventually became the first clinician to demonstrate the effectiveness of penicillin, a drug derived from mould, against bacterial disease in human patients. Since then, the use of penicillin and other antibiotics has dramatically reduced the number of deaths from certain once-common diseases.

RESPUESTAS

I. READING COMPREHENSION 

ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-3 ACCORDING TO THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THE TEXT. USE YOUR OWN WORDS.
3. How has the use of antibiotics affected human history?

ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT, OR USE YOUR OWN WORDS.
4. Over 200 million people died in the 14th century because of bacterial diseases.

II. USE OF ENGLISH 

6. FIND IN THE TEXT A SYNONYM FOR “danger” (noun).
7. GIVE A NOUN WITH THE SAME ROOT AS “develop” (verb).
8. WHICH WORD DOES NOT HAVE THE SAME MEANING?
  • Unwell / ill / sick / weak
9. FIND IN THE TEXT ONE WORD WHICH HAS THE FOLLOWING DEFINITION: “someone skilled in medicine.”
10. REWRITE THE SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: It is possible that your little brother hid your phone.
11. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: Fleming was a physician. He discovered that mould prevented the growth of bacteria.
12. FILL IN THE GAP WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS.
  • My friends suggested going (go) to the cinema.
13. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: 
We believe that antibiotics were discovered by Fleming at the beginning of the 20th century.

+EXÁMENES RESUELTOS

9 comentarios:

  1. En la pregunta número 13, ¿no podría ser también "Antibiotics are believed to have been discovered by Fleming (...)?
    ¡Gracias!

    ResponderEliminar
    Respuestas
    1. Por supuesto que sí. Tu respuesta también es válida.
      Gracias por tu aportación.
      Sigue estudiando y mucha suerte que sólo queda el achuchón final !!!

      Eliminar
  2. el 13 no puede ser it is believes that fleming discovered antibiotics at the beginning of 20th century

    ResponderEliminar
    Respuestas
    1. Con las siguientes correcciones la oración sería adecuada gramaticalmente:
      "It is believed that Fleming discovered antibiotics at the beginning of the 20th century."
      De este modo pones en pasiva el sujeto de la proposición principal, mientras que transformas en activa la segunda.
      En mi opinión, si te piden un cambio de activa a pasiva sería preferible que usaras una de las opciones anteriores.
      Espero haber resuelto tus dudas.
      Gracias por tu colaboración :)


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  3. En la pregunta 13 podría ser, 'the fact that antibiotics were discovered by fleming at the beginning os the 20th Century is believed by us ?

    ResponderEliminar
    Respuestas
    1. Hola Andrea,
      te recuerdo de que los sujetos vacíos (pronombres como we, people, etc.) no se transforman en agente al pasar las oraciones a pasiva.
      Por otra parte, cuando usamos la voz pasiva impersonal la expresión "Is believed" suele encabezar la oración .
      Otra opción sería "Fleming is believed to...." pero la construcción que tu propones no es habitual en inglés.
      Saludos y mucha suerte en los exámenes :)

      Eliminar
  4. Buenas. Dos preguntas:
    En la pregunta 3 no podría ser: Antibiotocs is a discovery which has changed our lives.

    Y la otra es si en la 9 podría ser Clinical.

    Gracias!

    ResponderEliminar
    Respuestas
    1. Hola anónim@:

      Pregunta nº3
      Tu respuesta es incorrecta a nivel gramatical
      = antibiotics (plural) // is (singular)
      En todo caso sería correcta si hubieras escrito:
      >>> "The discovery of antibiotics has changed our lives".

      Pregunta nº 9
      Lo siento pero esta respuesta tampoco es correcta :(
      El enunciado te pide "someone skilled in medicine"
      someone = alguien = persona = sustantivo
      "clinical" es un adjetivo
      >>> describes medical work or teaching that relates to the examination and treatment of ill people
      "physician" es un sustantivo
      >>> medical doctor

      Sigue estudiando y lo conseguirás ;)

      Eliminar

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