Eating less meat could save lives - PAU 2015 Andalucía resuelto

>Exámenes selectividad inglés resueltos Andalucía

More than 45,000 lives a year could be saved if everyone began eating meat no more than two or three times a week, health experts claim today. Widespread change to low-meat diets would stop 31,000 early deaths from heart disease, and 9,000 from cancer, according to new analyses of British eating habits. Dramatically reduced meat consumption would slow down climate change and deforestation in South America, where rainforests are being chopped down to raise cows, which are later exported to Europe.

Eating too much meat, particularly processed meat, is unhealthy because it can involve consuming more fat than official guidelines recommend. "We don't need to go vegetarian to look after ourselves and our planet, but we do need to cut down on meat," said Peter Bennett. "While the government has ignored the environmental aspect of meat and dairy consumption, it can't ignore the lives that would be saved by switching to less and better meat."

Meat producers criticised the report. "The vast majority of consumers eat less than average recommendations of red meat already," said Chris Lamb. "It is over-simplistic to say that changing one element of the diet can have such a dramatic result. Red meat has a valuable role to play as part of a healthy diet." Jen Elford, of the Vegetarian Society, added: "Of course less meat is better than more, but we can't start solving the environmental and health problems without moving away from animal protein."

RESPUESTAS

READING COMPREHENSION

CHOOSE AND WRITE THE CORRECT OPTION (A, B, C or D):

1 According to the text:

• a) Eating meat more than 3 times a week increases the risk of cancer.
• b) We should begin eating meat 2 or 3 times a week.
• c) Cows are chopped in South America.
• d) Low-meat diets cause heart disease.

2 Meat producers say:

• a) Less and less consumers eat red meat to protect against cancer.
• b) Most consumers eat the quantity of meat recommended.
• c) Most consumers eat more than the quantity of meat recommended.
• d) Red meat can be part of a healthy balanced diet.

ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-3 ACCORDING TO THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THE TEXT. USE YOUR OWN WORDS.

1 How are the rainforests affected by meat consumption?

• A lot of trees in rainforests are cut down to make room for more grazing areas for cows. This fact increases the risk of deforestation and it affects climate change.

2 Why is eating too much meat so bad?

• It is an unhealthy habit because meat, and processed meat in particular, contains a lot of fats and a balanced diet must not be based solely on fats according to experts.

3 What arguments do meat producers use to defend themselves? Give two. 

          (The text provides three arguments)

• 1) Most consumers already eat less red meat than recommended.
• 2) There is no way to know for sure if changing one element of the diet could have such major effects.
• 3) We shouldn't underestimate the importance of red meat on a healthy diet.

ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT, OR USE YOUR OWN WORDS.

3 "Eating meat twice a week is bad for you," experts claim.

• FALSE: "More than 45,000 lives a year could be saved if everyone began eating meat no more than two or three times a week..."

4 Diets containing big amounts of meat can cause heart disease and cancer.

• TRUE: "Widespread change to low-meat diets would stop 31,000 early deaths from heart disease, and 9,000 from cancer..."

5 An expert advises people to become vegetarians.

• TRUE: Jen Elford, of the Vegetarian Society, added: "Of course less meat is better than more, but we can't start solving the environmental and health problems without moving away from animal protein."

6 Britain's government has said that people should give up red meat.

• FALSE: "While the government has ignored the environmental aspect of meat and dairy consumption, it can't ignore the lives that would be saved by switching to less and better meat."

II USE OF ENGLISH

7 FIND IN THE TEXT ONE WORD THAT HAS THE FOLLOWING DEFINITION:

• "Rules or instructions about the best way to do something" (noun): guidelines
• "Distributed over a considerable extent" (adjective): widespread

8 FIND IN THE TEXT ONE SYNONYM FOR

• "take care of" (verb): look after
  
• "illness" (noun): disease
  

8 FIND IN THE TEXT ONE OPPOSITE FOR

• "worse"(adjective): better

9 GIVE ONE SYNONYM FOR

•  "cut down" (verb) AS IT IS USED IN THE TEXT (LINE 8): reduce
•  "look after" (verb) AS IT IS USED IN THE TEXT (LINE 7): take care of, attend to, care for, keep an eye on, supervise, guard, protect

10 WHICH WORD DOES NOT HAVE THE SAME MEANING?

• illness
• sickness
• disease
• madness

11 GIVE A VERB WITH THE SAME ROOT AS "consumption"

• consummate

12 FILL THE GAP WITH A CORRECT PREPOSITION:

• "Experts think that some diets are responsible for many deaths."

13 TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE:
"The government can't ignore so many people's lives."

• So many people's lives can't be ignored by the government.

"They heard a strange noise at the other side of the door."

• A strange noise was heard at the other side of the door.

14 JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY:
Mary suddenly felt ill. She had been cooking all evening.

• Mary, who had been cooking all evening, suddenly felt ill.
• Mary, who suddenly felt ill, had been cooking all evening.

John is an excellent pianist. He plays professionally.

• John, who is an excellent pianist, plays professionally.
• John, who plays professionally, is an excellent pianist.

15 COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING (CONDITIONAL) SENTENCE:

• If some people changed their eating habits, they would be healthier.
• If we were taught to respect wild life, there would be less endangered species.

16 REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED:

"She became a vegetarian five years ago."

• She has been a vegetarian for five years.

17 USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:

     meat       unhealthy     processed    to      is      it      eat

• It is unhealthy to eat processed meat.

III PRODUCTION 

18 WRITE A COMPOSITION OF APPROXIMATELY 120 WORDS. FOCUS STRICTLY ON THE TOPIC:

• What can you do to have a healthy lifestyle?

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