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Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta Galicia. Mostrar todas las entradas

What you eat and the way it affects your body - PAU 2014 inglés Galicia

>Exámenes selectividad inglés Galicia resueltos


What you eat and the way it affects your body What you eat and the way it affects your body depend very much on the kind of person you are. For one thing, the genes you inherit from your parents can determine how your metabolism deals with particular foods. The tendency to put on weight rather easily, for example, often runs in families – which means they have to take particular care. But there are certain unhealthy eating habits which you can avoid. One of these is skipping breakfast. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day, but when you have to rush to work or school in the mornings it's easy to neglect it. Doing so not only drains you of energy, but also makes it more likely that you will eat snacks during the day. Skipping breakfast also confuses your metabolism, causing you to burn fewer calories. So, if you are trying to lose weight, skipping breakfast is not a good idea. “Bingeing” or eating large amounts of food in one session is another unhealthy eating habit that you should avoid. Do you tend to skip meals, then eat a lot in the next meal to compensate? Do you fill yourself with junk food during the weekend after a week of dieting? Do you often continue eating even though you are full? These are signs that you are a habitual binger. Eating several small meals in a day helps you to avoid bingeing. If you eat while watching TV, while working, or while reading then you are also developing an unhealthy eating behavior. When you eat while doing other activities, you become unable to measure how much you eat. As a result, you tend to overeat without knowing it. You should try to have a specific time and place for eating.

Dans les moteurs de l’avenir - EOI francés B2

Dans les moteurs de l’avenir

À l’avant-scène, une profusion d’informations contradictoires sur la fin du pétrole, le boom des énergies vertes et le bruit des éoliennes. Dans les coulisses, un ballet réglé d’intérêts: les forgerons de l’ordre mondial s’affairent. Spectacle à fronts renversés? Comprendre le grand jeu de l’énergie dont dépend l’avenir de l’humanité implique une démarche volontariste.
Trois traits caractérisent le paysage énergétique global. En premier lieu, les connaissances fiables dont nous aurions besoin pour peser sur les choix de demain sont confisquées au public: elles hibernent dans les coffres d’Etats et d’entreprises. Ensuite, les investissements nécessaires à la mise en oeuvre d’une nouvelle filière sont si lourds qu’ils engagent un pays sur plusieurs générations. Dès lors, les intérêts économiques priment, même lorsqu’ils fusionnent avec d’autres considérations d’allure plus présentable: aux questions géopolitiques, aux débats éthiques, aux controverses climatiques répondent presque toujours les profits des multinationales.
Selon l’Agence internationale de l’énergie (AIE), le «pic» pétrolier aurait été atteint en 2006. Mais il faut se méfier des effets d’annonce. Dans ce domaine, on ment et on bluffe pour influencer les marchés et justifier des investissements irrationnels. La perplexité est aussi de mise quand l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE) affirme que les coûts de l’électricité solaire et éolienne rejoignent ceux du courant d’origine nucléaire ou fossile. Difficile d’oublier que les énergies dites «vertes» constituent le nouveau Graal des industriels. Les géants de l’économie mondiale tiennent désormais deux fers au feu: d’un côté, les «renouvelables» ; de l’autre, les hydrocarbures.
Contrairement au négoce des clarinettes, le commerce de l’énergie est condamné à tenir compte des enjeux stratégiques. Gazoducs et oléoducs doivent répondre à des critères de sécurité maximum pour irriguer les coeurs économiques. Au-delà du calcul classique de rentabilité, les sommes engagées intègrent une dimension politique et stratégique. Pour éviter les zones dangereuses et s’assurer le contrôle des routes, les grandes puissances se livrent des batailles épiques.
L’emprise des peuples sur leur avenir énergétique peut donc paraître bien limitée et la perspective d’une planète à dix milliards d’êtres humains obligera à rationaliser un secteur esclave des absurdités du marché. «En six heures, les déserts dans le monde reçoivent plus d’énergie que l’humanité entière n’en consomme en une année.» Cette citation orne le site Internet de la fondation Desertec, un projet intercontinental qui regroupe différents pays au sein d’un immense réseau de production d’énergie renouvelable spécialisée selon les milieux géographiques: panneaux solaires dans le désert, éoliennes sur les côtes, barrages dans les montagnes... Utopie éblouissante qui ne pourra nous faire oublier cette réalité: un tiers de l’humanité utilise encore exclusivement le bois et le charbon de bois pour se nourrir, se chauffer et travailler.

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Concilier travail et vie de famille reste compliqué - EOI francés B2

Concilier travail et vie de famille reste compliqué
Parce que la vie familiale relevait à leurs yeux de la sphère privée, les entreprises ont longtemps négligé les politiques de conciliation entre le travail et la famille. Mais depuis le début des années 2000, le vent a tourné: poussées par les instances européennes et les gouvernements français, elles sont aujourd'hui sommées, au nom de l'égalité hommes-femmes, d'inventer des politiques de soutien à la parentalité.
Mise en place, en 2004, du crédit d'impôt famille destiné à favoriser la création de crèches, lancement, en 2006, de chèques emploi-service pour financer les modes de garde: les pouvoirs publics demandent aux entreprises d'accompagner l'une des révolutions du XXe siècle, le travail féminin. De 1962 à 2005, le taux d'activité des femmes est passé de 42% à 82%: près de 60% des enfants de moins de 6 ans grandissent désormais au sein de couples "biactifs".
Pour mesurer les efforts des employeurs, l'Institut national des études démographiques (INED) a réalisé, en 2004-2005, une grande enquête sur les politiques de conciliation des entreprises. Près de 10.000 personnes de 20 à 49 ans et plus de 2500 entreprises de plus de vingt salariés ont été interrogées. Il s'agit, précise l'économiste Thomas Piketty dans sa préface, de "l'enquête la plus ambitieuse menée à ce jour sur l'articulation entre vie familiale et vie professionnelle".
Premier constat: malgré les efforts du secteur public et des grandes entreprises, les politiques de conciliation restent rares. Plus de la moitié des établissements (20% des salariés) n'offrent quasiment aucun soutien à la parentalité. "Les aides ne sont pas toujours bien ciblées et elles ne font que rarement l'objet d'une politique cohérente et délibérée".
Les entreprises font des gestes: beaucoup d'établissements ont ainsi mis en place des prestations financières à destination des familles, qu'il s'agisse de complément d'indemnisation aux congés maternité et paternité, de primes à la naissance ou d'aides aux frais de garde. Mais les services, notamment les crèches, restent rarissimes: en 2005, elles concernaient à peine 3% des établissements. Surtout, les entreprises rechignent à répondre à la principale revendication des salariés: l'introduction d'une certaine souplesse dans les horaires. "Lorsque des ajustements existent, ils concernent bien plus souvent des événements rares que l'organisation quotidienne du travail. Ainsi, des assouplissements d'horaires sont permis de façon ponctuelle le jour de la rentrée scolaire ou en cas d'enfant malade, mais il existe peu d'aménagements réguliers."
Deuxième constat: contrairement à ce que l'on dit souvent, l'entreprise est un lieu où les dissymétries hommes-femmes restent encore très marquées. Avant même de choisir un emploi, les femmes anticipent le fait qu'elles assumeront en moyenne 80% du noyau dur des tâches domestiques: elles accordent beaucoup plus d'importance que les hommes aux horaires, ce qui les cantonne souvent dans les emplois de "petits temps" (temps partiel).
Pour les chercheurs qui ont participé à ce travail, la conciliation travail-famille passe donc par une réflexion approfondie sur l'organisation du travail. Il faut, affirment-ils, rompre avec les cultures d'entreprises qui font de la présence un signe de motivation.
"Tant que les réunions importantes se tiendront à 19 heures, il est sans doute vain d'espérer une réelle égalité hommes-femmes dans les carrières professionnelles et les tâches domestiques".
Ils plaident aussi pour des politiques publiques ambitieuses - développement massif des modes de garde et création d'un congé parental plus court, mieux rémunéré et mieux partagé avec le père. Nicolas Sarkozy a promis une réforme du congé parental mais en matière d'offre de garde, les ambitions, en un an, ont été sérieusement revues à la baisse: après avoir annoncé la création de 350.000 places d'accueil pour les moins de 3 ans d'ici à 2012, le gouvernement évoque maintenant le chiffre de 200.000 places.
 Source : www.lemonde.fr
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Une bourse aux permis! EOI francés A2

Une bourse aux permis!

Les jeunes, qui n’ont pas les moyens de passer leur permis de conduire, pourront désormais avoir une aide financière de leur ville.

Une bourse pour t’aider à payer ton permis de conduire! L’idée est simple: la ville aide un jeune, qui n’en a pas les moyens, à financer la moitié ou les trois quarts du prix de son permis de conduire. En échange, le boursier s’engage dans un projet humanitaire ou social.
Le secrétaire d’Etat chargé des Transports va généraliser à toutes les villes françaises l’expérience des bourses au permis de conduire menée à Carcassonne. « Le permis est un sésame indispensable de la vie, a-t-il expliqué. Il n’est pas normal qu’il y ait des barrières financières et sociales. »
Ces nouvelles bourses au permis de conduire pourraient donc aider de nombreux jeunes à obtenir leur fameux papier rose. Mais elles pourraient aussi permettre de résoudre l’un des grands problèmes de sécurité routière en France: 35 000 jeunes circulent aujourd’hui sans permis.
Source: http://www.lesclesjunior.com - 02 août 2007
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Travelling to the USA - EOI Galicia inglés A2

Tipping USA
As part of your English course you are planning to go to The United States of America this year. You are looking for some information about travelling to the USA in the edupass web site.

Tipping

Restaurants do not include a service charge in the bill, so you should tip the waiter 15% of the total bill. If service was slow or particularly bad, some Americans will tip only 10%. Likewise, if service was particularly good, it is appropriate to tip 20%. If service was so bad that you would never eat in the restaurant again, leave two cents. This is a deliberate insult, because it tells the waiter that you didn't forget to leave a tip. Tipping is only appropriate in restaurants which offer table service. You do not tip the cashier in a fast food restaurant.
Taxi drivers expect to get a tip equal to 15% of the total fare. If the driver was especially helpful or got you to your destination more quickly than you expected, give a 20% tip. Hotel bellhops expect a $1 tip for helping you with your bags. If you order room service, the gratuity is included in the bill. Coat checkroom attendants expect $1 per coat. Hairdressers and barbers expect a tip of 15% of the bill. Valet parking attendants expect a $1 tip.

Gift Giving

If you are invited to a wedding, baby shower, or other celebration, it is expected that you will bring a gift. Unless you know the host very well, the gift should be modest in value, about $25.
For a wedding, the bride will have "registered" at one or two local department stores, indicating the items and styling she prefers. You can buy the couple a gift that isn't listed, but most people buy something listed on the registry. If you buy an item listed on the registry, be sure to tell the store that you are doing this, so that the couple doesn't receive duplicate gifts.
If you wish to give a gift when you leave to return to your home country, the best gift is something that is unique to your country. It does not need to be especially valuable or rare, just reminiscent of your home. Possibilities include a book about your country, an inexpensive handicraft or piece of art, or something else that reflects your culture. If the children collect coins and stamps, they would be very pleased with a set of your country's coins or a selection of mint stamps from your country. Items that are common in your country but difficult to find in the United States are also good.
When giving gifts to a business acquaintance, do not give anything of a personal nature, especially to a woman. Do not give cosmetics. A scarf is ok, but other types of clothing are not. Something appropriate for the office is best. But gift giving is not as important in America as it is in other countries, so there is nothing wrong with not giving a gift.

La carte des points noirs - EOI francés A2

La carte des points noirs - France

La carte des zones dangereuses pour les autocars et les poids lourds a été rendue publique. Attention, danger !

La carte des zones les plus dangereuses pour les poids lourds et les autocars fait apparaître 50 points noirs sur les routes nationales et les autoroutes françaises. La plupart sont logiquement situés dans les régions montagneuses, en Rhône-Alpes pour la moitié d’entre eux. Cette carte des zones dangereuses est rendue publique une semaine après l’accident de car qui a coûté la vie à 26 personnes en Isère.
Le ministre de l’Écologie, en charge de la Sécurité routière, Jean-Louis Borloo, a indiqué que « la présence de panneaux d’interdiction ne suffisait pas » ! Le ministre souhaite aussi mettre en place des feux de signalisation plus visibles, des portiques (qui empêcheraient les véhicules les plus hauts, comme les bus et les camions, de passer), ou des voies d’arrêt d’urgence.
Au-delà de ces mesures, le ministre en charge de la Sécurité routière propose un « pacte en trois points » aux automobilistes français, consistant à: faire des pauses, attacher les ceintures de sécurité et vérifier l’état des pneus avant de prendre la route.
Source: http://www.lesclesjunior.com - 31 juillet 2007
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Visite Évora

Visite Évora

Como chegar

A Região de Évora é atravessada no sentido transversal pela auto-estrada Lisboa-Madrid (A6).
Longitudinalmente, o IP2 une as capitais de distrito do Alentejo interior (Beja, Évora e Portalegre) ao Algarve e à Beira Baixa.
Vindo do Norte pela A1 Porto-Lisboa, entra-se na Região tomando a saída para Santarém e seguindo a direcção A13. Esta auto-estrada entronca na A6 entre Marateca e Vendas Novas.
Vindo do Algarve, quem optar pela A2 (Faro-Lisboa) encontra a mesma A6 na Marateca.
Vindo de Espanha, pode entrar-se na Região por Elvas (A6) e por S. Leonardo (junto a Mourão / Alqueva).
Quem não se desloca em transporte próprio, tem à disposição a Rede Nacional de Expressos, com carreiras regulares para Évora a partir de qualquer ponto do país (www.rede-expressos.pt) e as vias férreas que ligam Faro e Lisboa à cidade de Évora (www.cp.pt).
A circulação na Região é simples. As estradas secundárias e municipais constituem, por si só, percursos de descoberta com trânsito relativamente reduzido e excelentes vistas panorâmicas.
Quem pretender visitar a Região em autonomia mas não tem transporte próprio, pode recorrer aos Carros de Aluguer (identificados com a letra A nas portas laterais), aos Táxis e aos Rent-a-Car. Na cidade de Évora existe uma “Linha Azul”, serviço de autocarro que circula pelos principais locais da cidade.
Existem carreiras regulares de autocarro que ligam diariamente as várias localidades da Região. Os seus horários estão adaptados às necessidades laborais e escolares dos residentes, pelo que a sua utilização com objectivos turísticos nem sempre é fácil, sobretudo quando se pretende uma pequena viagem de ida e volta no mesmo dia.

 

Onde ficar

A diversidade da oferta é uma das características do alojamento na Região mas, ao contrário do que sucedia há uns anos atrás, a informação é abundante e bastante detalhada.
Hoje, pode visitar através da net as Pousadas Históricas, belos hotéis conventuais de 4 e 5 estrelas ou requintados hotéis rurais; apreciar a qualidade de outras unidades de hotelaria tradicional, de pequena e média dimensão; sentir o acolhimento familiar e a tranquilidade das casas de Turismo em Espaço Rural; ou ver por dentro o ambiente dos Parques de Campismo.
Todas as unidades de alojamento servem pequenos almoços. Quando não dispõem de serviço de restaurante, nomeadamente no caso do Turismo em Espaço Rural, por vezes servem as refeições principais mediante solicitação prévia.

 

Onde comer

Se utilizar critérios como a importância atribuída à decoração e ao conforto, o profissionalismo do atendimento, a variedade da ementa, a qualidade da confecção, o apuro das chamadas “especialidades da casa” ou a generosidade da carta de vinhos, verificará que existem na Região restaurantes de todas as categorias, para todos os gostos e, também, para todas as bolsas.
Ainda há “tascas” genuínas onde se come muito bem.
Há restaurantes médios, bons e muito bons, uns com a chamada “cozinha honesta”, outros com rasgos de génio em alguns pratos.
E há restaurantes de topo de gama: de abertura relativamente recente ou já muito testados pelo tempo; de uma extrema fidelidade à gastronomia regional ou com propostas de recriação “gourmet” da tradição, sempre com base nos melhores produtos locais.
Se não puder ou não quiser deleitar-se todos os dias com a boa gastronomia alentejana, saiba que tem outras opções: cafetarias com serviço de refeições ligeiras, casas especializadas em sanduíches e saladas e boas pastelarias para lanchar.
Só tem que ter cuidado com as horas: quase todas as cozinhas dos restaurantes fecham às 22h e são poucas as excepções que confirmam a regra.
Fora de horas, pode contar com serviço de snack em algumas cafetarias, bares e discotecas.

 

É útil saber

Se tiver algum problema de saúde durante a sua estadia na Região de Évora, recorra aos Centros de Saúde, existentes em todas as sedes de concelho, ou ao Hospital de Évora, com serviços de urgência 24 horas por dia.
Se é cidadão da União Europeia, da Islândia, Liechtenstein, Noruega ou Suíça, e é beneficiário de um sistema de segurança social no seu país, faça-se acompanhar do Cartão Europeu de Seguro de Doença. Este cartão assegura-lhe a prestação de cuidados de saúde nos serviços oficiais e/ou convencionados, sendo-lhe cobradas apenas as taxas e/ou comparticipações em vigor para os cidadãos nacionais.
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China's animal rights- PAU Galicia 2013

>Exámenes selectividad inglés Galicia resueltos


Please don't send us to China: dogChina can be an unforgiving country for dogs: attitudes towards pets have become more progressive over the past decade – a product of growing wealth and exposure to foreign ideas – but large canines are banned in many cities; pet markets are poorly regulated, and puppies frequently die soon after being purchased. In parts of the country, dogmeat makes a popular wintertime dish; animals kept as pets are frequently stolen and sold as meat.
"Pet ownership has risen dramatically, it's just gone through the roof," said Paul Littlefair, an expert on China's animal rights. But animal protection remains a grey area, he said. Thanks to China's mass urbanisation, strict family planning laws and changing social norms, an increasing number of Chinese people live alone, and many of them keep dogs as company. "People spend a ridiculous amount of money on their dogs – they love their dogs like they're family members," said filmmaker Wu Ming, who is making a documentary about dog ownership in China. Wu said she became aware of China's often contradictory attitude towards dogs after her roommate bought a labrador retriever. "There were a lot of shocking reactions to the dog – if we got into an elevator with someone they'd start screaming and trying to climb the walls," she said. Since the 2008 Olympics, dogs over 35cm tall have been banned within Beijing's fourth ring road. During the daytime, pensioners take their pekinese and poodles on strolls through Beijing's residential areas. Golden retrievers, labradors and huskies only appear late at night, when the city's police presence dwindles. Earlier this year, protests broke out in the northern city of Harbin after municipal officials announced a new ordinance prohibiting "dangerous" breeds – including golden and labrador retrievers – forcing many of the city's dog owners to either move away or quickly relinquish their pets.

The truth about families and alcohol - PAU Galicia inglés 2013

>Exámenes selectividad inglés Galicia resueltos


The truth about families and alcohol - PAU Galicia inglés 2013Too many middle-class parents are drinking excessively as a way of coping with the demands of family life, a report suggests. The study, carried out by charity 4Children, warns of a "silent epidemic" of alcohol misuse in British families. The study claims parenting capacity can be hampered by habitual drinking. The report, “Over the Limit: The Truth about Families and Alcohol”, suggested about a third of mothers and fathers drink more than their recommended units a week, but just under two-thirds (62%) of the British parents questioned as part of the report said that their drinking behaviour had no impact on their family life, and one in five (19%) believed their alcohol consumption had a positive effect on their ability to parent.
The report said the households most likely to drink were the wealthiest - with almost four times as many families in the top earning groups drinking every day compared to the poorest. The arrival of children seems to have led more parents to drink more, with one in six increasing consumption after the birth of a baby. "Although we suppose the majority of these parents will not be collapsing drunk on the streets, we found the impact on children can still be significant," the report said and added: "Parenting capacity can be adversely affected, and quality interactions with the youngest children disrupted, by parents who merely drink socially.
The unpredictability of the behaviour of an intoxicated parent seems to have a significant effect on children's development.” 4Children chief executive Anne Longfield called for a rethink on Britain's relationship with alcohol. She said: "What to many parents feels like low level consumption still has the ability to negatively impact on their parenting. Drinking can seriously distort people‟s judgement and the way they engage with their children. Even simple factors, such as the increased likelihood for accidents, are something that parents need to be aware of. “

Could you imagine having to pay for a licence to buy tobacco? - PAU 2013

>Exámenes selectividad inglés Galicia resueltos


Could you imagine having to apply and pay for a licence to buy tobacco? It might sound extreme, but this is the proposal of a public health expert in Australia, who suggests that it could provide a practical "disincentive" for smokers.
Prof Simon Chapman from the University of Sydney is interested in the next generation of truly effective anti-smoking measures. Laying out his case for a smokers' licence in the latest issue of the journal Plos Medicine, he said it could be of interest to "high-income nations that are actively pursuing tobacco control goals". So could a government-issued licence be the best solution to reduce smoking? And how could such a scheme work?
Prof Chapman used the analogy of prescription drugs, prescriptions essentially being "temporary licences" to buy certain medicines. The licence that Prof Chapman proposes would be a swipe card, like a Visa or Mastercard; smokers would be required to apply for a card and tobacco products would not be sold to anyone without one. "Selling cigarettes to anyone without a licence would be severely punished,” he explained “and an establishment which did this would lose its licence to sell, as happens now with pharmacists who sell drugs to anyone without a prescription."
Tied into his scheme would be a limit to the amount of tobacco any one person could buy - perhaps to 50 cigarettes per day or less, and of course the periodic inconvenience of renewing their licence. Along with the cost of a licence, Prof Chapman says that all of this could provide some real smoking disincentives. He also suggests building in a financial reward to entice smokers to quit. "As a quit incentive, all licence fees paid during a smoker's licensed smoking history would be fully refundable, with interest," he explains. "And licence surrender would be permanent and reapplication not permitted."

Baby-free "quiet zones" offered on flights - PAU inglés Galicia 2013

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Baby-free "quiet zones" offered on flightsOne airline says it will offer baby-free "quiet zones" on its flights. Should all planes and trains follow their example, or do adults need to learn to live with child passengers?
At 10,000 metres, the howl of a baby screeches through a pressurised cabin. For travellers already stressed by lengthy security checks, squeezed into cramped seating and unnerved by the very fact of being so high above ground, it's almost enough to make them shatter the Plexiglas windows and jump. It's a source of anxiety for the embarrassed parents too, desperately trying to pacify their offspring while facing disapproving stares from fellow adults.
One airline is offering what it says is a solution. Low-cost carrier Air Asia says from February it will provide a "quiet zone" for passengers aged 12 and over at no extra cost. Separated from the rest of the cabin, these seven rows of seats should be immune from the sound of children, the company claims. It is following the example of Malaysia Airlines, which in April announced it would ban families with children from sitting on the upper deck of its Kuala Lumpur to London service.
For the childless and the easily irritable, it may be a relief, but introducing segregation would risk infuriating families who resent the idea they should be treated as second-class citizens. After all, there are no separate compartments for adults who disturb the peace and quiet of others by snoring, for instance, or taking off their shoes to unleash malodorous feet. However, there appears to be support for segregation. In April, a survey of 1,666 British adults found that over a third of Britons would be prepared to pay extra to travel by air without the presence of children.

Grandma's last flight PAU Galicia 2007

>Exámenes selectividad inglés Galicia resueltos


Grandma's last flight - trapeze - circusOn Sunday, Tom’s grandmother died. On Monday, at school, he told them he had been to the circus. “Yesterday, Dad took us to the circus. It was great, because my grandmother has been ill, but yesterday she was much better. He didn’t tell us where we were going, so I was excited. We drove for a long time.
“The circus tent was massive. I think it was white once, but it had turned dirty grey. And there were so many people. Dad kept me on one side and my grandmother on the other. You could smell the people and the animals.
“There were tigers,” said Tom. “Right in front of us. There were clowns. But the best thing was the trapeze. High up in the roof. So high it made your neck hurt to look up. And four acrobats in pink and gold clothes.
Then somebody said something to the audience: “Would anyone like to try the trapeze? Nobody did, because it was too scary. Then my grandmother got up and said she would. The acrobats took my grandmother, and she climbed up the ladder to the top. Dad said she should come down, but I told him, “No, it’s OK”. And they took my grandmother and she flew through the air. The other man caught her easily. She’s only small.” “Thank you, Tom,” said Miss Atkins. “Who’s next?”
Afterwards, Billy Brown and Sarah said he was a liar because no-one’s grandmother could get to the top of a circus ladder. At home, Tom’s house seemed strange without his grandmother in it. The only thing left of his grandmother was her book on the table, open at the page where she had been reading it.

Can a video game lead to murder? - PAU Galicia inglés 2007

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Can a video game lead to murder?18-year-old Devin Moore, found in the driver’s seat of a car in Alabama at 7am, was driven to the local police station. He had no criminal record but was suspected of stealing the car. While being interrogated, he suddenly took the policeman’s gun and shot three men dead before escaping.
If those acts of violence had been a video game, Moore would have won. He’d played it before. For months he’d sat for hours in front of a video monitor stealing cars, beating prostitutes and finally killing policemen. The game was Grand Theft Auto, which has sold over 35 million copies worldwide.
A few years ago, video games were just fun, but now realistic games played at home have become an integral part of many people’s daily lives, especially for children. Child psychologists report that children’s school marks fall, they stop playing sports and stop socializing with their friends. Research shows that their brains learn to respond in certain ways to certain stimuli, like an arrest, in Moore’s case.
Video games cannot be separated from other forms of entertainment, such as magazines, books or films, many of which routinely show violence, and these games are one of many factors which could transform a player into a killer, such as a child’s home life. In fact, Devin Moore came from a broken home; his parents separated when he was young. When arrested, he asked the police to shoot him. When the sentence of death by lethal injection was read, his words were: “Life is like a video game. You have to die sometime.”

Marriage in crisis? - PAU Galicia 2008

>Exámenes selectividad inglés Galicia resueltos


Marriage in crisis?As today’s bride and groom celebrate their wedding, they have every excuse for being nervous. They exchange promises of lifelong fidelity and mutual support. However, all around them, they can see that many people do not and cannot keep these promises. Their own marriage has a one in three chance of divorce, if present tendencies continue.
Traditional marriage is facing a crisis, at least in Britain. Not only are there more and more divorces, but the number of marriages is falling. Living together is more popular than before. The family is now no longer one man, one woman and their children. Instead, there are more and more families which include parents, half sisters and brothers, or even only one parent on her / his own.
Although Britain is still conservative in its attitudes to marriage compared with other countries such as the USA, Sweden and Denmark, the future will probably see many more people living together before marriage – and more divorce. Interestingly, it is women rather than men who apply for divorce. Seven out of ten divorces are given to the wife. Also, one of the main reasons for divorce, chosen by ten times more women than men, is unreasonable or cruel behaviour. Perhaps this means that women will tolerate less than they used to.

Ancient Roman society - PAU Galicia 2008

>Exámenes selectividad inglés Galicia resueltos


Spartacus: Ancient Roman societyRoman women, although they were never given legal independence, still had a high status. They were all their lives under the control of their husbands, but the Roman mother was the head of her family. “We Romans,” said Cato, “rule the world, but our wives rule us.” The Romans were the first to celebrate Mother’s Day, and their religion reflected the importance of the family in their culture. Each family conducted its own religious rites, the father acting as the family’s priest. Romans believed in the gods, tradition, the family and the state.
The father’s power over the children did not end when they became adults, and was absolute, including life and death. The system was inflexible and didn’t allow any change, and lasted more than a thousand years. The oppression of children by their fathers was nothing, however, compared with the position of the plebeians, who had practically no rights. A plebeian could be arrested and executed by a patrician without a trial, and, if their masters died, they were sold into slavery.
In time, the plebeians gained the right to own land, to marry with higher classes and to pass their own laws. The Twelve Tables (450BC) marked the beginning of a period of “uniform law for all”. No plebeian could be executed by the magistrates without an appeal to an assembly of all Roman citizens. Later, rich plebeians formed an alliance with some patricians and a new aristocracy emerged.

How to overcome "air anxiety" - PAU inglés 2008 Galicia

>Exámenes selectividad inglés Galicia resueltos


How to overcome "air anxiety"Most of us who have flown in an aeroplane have experienced the odd moment or two of disquiet. But for some people the prospect of flying is so terrifying that they cannot set foot in a plane. Yet, according to Maurice Yaffé, senior clinical psychologist at Guy’s hospital, it is possible to control a fear of flying so that air travel becomes not merely possible but, in some cases, positively enjoyable.
Mr. Yaffé organizes special “air anxiety” seminars. When people sign for the course, they are sent a book about flying and two cassette tapes about relaxation and flight stress control. The first morning of the course is spent on group discussion and a lecture about the principles of flight. Then they are shown different ways of coping with anxiety. In the afternoon, small groups take it in turns to go on the flight simulator. A TV screen shows a video of a Boeing 757 flight to Paris. The effect is quite realistic, complete with turbulence, engine noise and air-hostess announcements.
The next day the group go to Heathrow airport where the group can watch take-offs and landings and then they go to the air traffic control tower where they can see planes approaching on the radar. Mr Yaffé says that it is very important for the group to see how everything works and how “in control” the staff look. Seeing planes trundling in and out with monotonous regularity and with as much drama as buses going into a bus garage is very important for the success of the seminar.

The Bactrian Gold exhibition PAU 2007

>Exámenes selectividad inglés Galicia resueltos


The Bactrian Gold exhibition This exhibition is not only about gold - there is also Indian and Egyptian glass. But gold is gold. This is the treasure of the Hill of Gold, from northern Afghanistan. Called the Bactrian Gold, it was discovered in 1978 by a Russian team. They found more than 20,000 individual gold items, including the golden crown of a queen. Even golden sandals.
Soon after, Afghanistan suffered a period of chaos and civil war. For a quarter of a century, Afghanistan’s cultural treasures were stolen by vandals. But finally, in 2004, the gold was found, under piles of old Afghan money. And then international museums began to take the treasure on tour. And so it is now at the Musee Guimet, in Paris. The French have a long history of archaeological work in Afghanistan.
The exhibition will alter perceptions of Afghanistan - it’s not just camels and Kalashnikovs, it’s a fabulous mixture of cultures. There are sculptures of dancing girls. One coin shows Roman dolphins, another shows a Chinese devil. When it returns from its tour, Afghanistan’s golden treasure cannot be shown to Afghans.
They will not see it, for security reasons. What is desperately needed in Afghanistan is money to pay for education, which could be helped by the tour of the treasures. The Guimet Museum is giving one euro for each ticket sold. They expect to sell 50-100,000 tickets. It is not enough but it’s something. So, for many reasons - if you can - go to Paris. Pay your extra euro and remember you’ve had the privilege of seeing what the Afghans cannot see.

The invention of Trivial Pursuit - 2008

>Exámenes selectividad inglés Galicia resueltos


The invention of Trivial Pursuit It’s over twenty years since I started composing Trivial Pursuit questions. I have nightmares about them, but someone has to do it. Sometimes I’m inspired and write dozens a day, but most of the time it’s very laborious work, and sometimes I wish I hadn’t invented it.
There were four of us at the start, all Canadian journalists from Montreal. We were playing Scrabble one evening in 1979, and I asked: “Why don’t we invent something as good as this game?” It took us only 45 minutes to invent the rules and the circular board, then each of us invested money in the promotion of the idea. Two of us went to Spain to drink beer and write hundreds of questions. The difficult thing is to invent questions that are unusual enough to make people both laugh and think hard. At first hardly anybody bought the game, until a Toronto bank manager played it with his children, who loved it. He offered to invest a lot of money so that we could mass-produce it and promote it. Obviously, he hoped to get rich from his investment. The game was so good that millions of people bought it. Trivial Pursuit has so far sold more than 60 million copies in 33 countries.
I constantly check the questions for interest and difficulty, and make corrections based on comments received via e-mail, given by colleagues, or found in encyclopaedias. For example, I made up this question: “What is the main ingredient of the chocolate you buy in the shops?”, but afterwards found that the correct answer is not cocoa or even chocolate, but … sugar!

Teachers, society and moral standards - PAU inglés Galicia 2006

>Exámenes selectividad inglés Galicia resueltos


Teachers: role models for their studentsLike it or not, teachers are still expected to be suitable role models for their students. This presents something of a problem, because although some teachers try hard to disguise the fact, they are obviously no less wicked than the rest of humanity.
Teachers already do society a great service in stressful jobs that have less status and pay than many other graduate professions. Asking them to be also more morally pure than the rest of us would be going too far.
However, there are practical reasons why teachers should not display their imperfections. Kids have a supernatural ability to spot the weaknesses in their teachers and exploit them ruthlessly. Rumours spread and mutate in the playground at great speed. If, during the first lesson, Miss Davis seems to have had a bit of a heavy night, by the final bell she is a certified alcoholic. Authority is easily undermined if you are exposed as a wrongdoer.
Also, we want schools to encourage children to aspire to high standards of conduct. We know that humans constantly fail to be as good as they should. But it is better to set the bar high and fail from time to time, than it is to set it low and sanction everyday wrongdoing.
For these reasons, it is important that teachers appear to be upholders of the values we aspire to, standing for high standards of ethics and not allowing their message to be undermined by revealing how they themselves fail to meet them.
Toleration of hypocrisy? Pure and simple, the old “Do as I say, not as I do”. People who don’t want to be hypocrites should try to live by the standards they teach. But the concern of employers, students and parents should be only with how teachers behave in public.
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